![]() ![]() Relativity: The study of systems displaying the properties of Einstein's theory of relativity, which generally involves moving at speeds very close to the speed of light.Quantum Gravity: The application of quantum physics to gravity and unification of gravity with the other fundamental particle interactions.Quantum Field Theory: The application of quantum physics to fields, including the fundamental forces of the universe.Quantum Optics: The application of quantum physics to light. ![]() Quantum Mechanics / Quantum Physics: The study of science where the smallest discrete values, or quanta, of matter and energy become relevant.Quantum Electrodynamics: The study of how electrons and photons interact at the quantum mechanical level.Plasma Physics: The study of matter in the plasma phase.Particle Physics: The study of fundamental particles and the forces of their interaction.Nuclear Physics: The study of the physical properties of the atomic nucleus.Nanotechnology: the science of building circuits and machines from single molecules and atoms.Molecular Physics: The study of the physical properties of molecules.Laser Physics: The study of the physical properties of lasers.High-Pressure Physics: The study of physics in extremely high-pressure systems, generally related to fluid dynamics.High Energy Physics: The study of physics in extremely high energy systems, generally within particle physics.Crystallography: The study of crystals and crystalline structures.Cryophysics / Cryogenics /Low-Temperature Physics: The study of physical properties in low-temperature situations, far below the freezing point of water.Cosmology: The study of the universe as a whole, including its origins and evolution, including the Big Bang and how the universe will continue to change.Chaos theory is an element of quantum physics and useful in celestial mechanics. Chaos: The study of systems with a strong sensitivity to initial conditions, so a slight change at the beginning quickly become major changes in the system.Topics can include bio-electronics, nano-medicine, quantum biology, structural biology, enzyme kinetics, electrical conduction in neurons, radiology, and microscopy. Biophysics overlaps with biochemistry, nanotechnology, and bio-engineering, such as the derivation of the structure of DNA from X-ray crystallography. Biophysics: The study of physics in living systems at all levels, from individual cells and microbes to animals, plants, and entire ecosystems.In practice, research groups usually study atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Atomic Physics: The study of atoms, specifically the electron properties of the atom, as distinct from nuclear physics which considers the nucleus alone. ![]() Today, astrophysics is often used interchangeably with astronomy and many astronomers have physics degrees.
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